a b c Tang JW, Marr LC, Li Y, Dancer SJ (April 2021). "Covid-19 has redefined airborne transmission". BMJ. 373: n913. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n913. PMID 33853842.

Covid inquiry: The UK pandemic in numbers - BBC News

Most people recover from the acute phase of the disease. However, some people continue to experience a range of effects, such as fatigue, for months, even after recovery. [53] This is the result of a condition called long COVID, which can be described as a range of persistent symptoms that continue for weeks or months at a time. [54] Long-term damage to organs has also been observed after the onset of COVID-19. Multi-year studies are underway to further investigate the potential long-term effects of the disease. [55] Transmission of COVID-19". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 26 January 2021 . Retrieved 18 May 2021. In community and healthcare settings, the use of face masks is intended as source control to limit transmission of the virus and for personal protection to prevent infection. [218] Properly worn masks both limit the respiratory droplets and aerosols spread by infected individuals and help protect healthy individuals from infection. [219] [220]Jan. 31, 2022:England changed their case calculations to include reinfections from earlier in the pandemic. Several notable variants of SARS-CoV-2 emerged throughout 2020. [108] [109] Cluster 5 emerged among minks and mink farmers in Denmark. [110] After strict quarantines and a mink euthanasia campaign, the cluster was assessed to no longer be circulating among humans in Denmark as of 1 February 2021. [111] COVID‑19 may also cause substantial structural changes to blood cells, sometimes persisting for months after hospital discharge. [142] A low level of blood lymphocytes may result from the virus acting through ACE2-related entry into lymphocytes. [143] Kidneys Despite the extremely rapid development of effective mRNA and viral vector vaccines, worldwide vaccine equity has not been achieved. The development and use of whole inactivated virus (WIV) and protein-based vaccines have also been recommended, especially for use in developing countries. [213] [214] The severity of the inflammation can be attributed to the severity of what is known as the cytokine storm. [156] Levels of interleukin 1B, interferon-gamma, interferon-inducible protein 10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were all associated with COVID‑19 disease severity. Treatment has been proposed to combat the cytokine storm as it remains to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in COVID‑19 disease. [157]

COVID-19 - NHS

a b Morawska L, Allen J, Bahnfleth W, Bluyssen PM, Boerstra A, Buonanno G, etal. (May 2021). "A paradigm shift to combat indoor respiratory infection" (PDF). Science. 372 (6543): 689–691. Bibcode: 2021Sci...372..689M. doi: 10.1126/science.abg2025. PMID 33986171. S2CID 234487289. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 December 2021 . Retrieved 14 June 2021.

What to do if you have tested positive

Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R (2020). "Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19)". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32150360 . Retrieved 18 March 2020. In terms of hospital readmissions about 9% of 106,000 individuals had to return for hospital treatment within two months of discharge. The average to readmit was eight days since first hospital visit. There are several risk factors that have been identified as being a cause of multiple admissions to a hospital facility. Among these are advanced age (above 65 years of age) and presence of a chronic condition such as diabetes, COPD, heart failure or chronic kidney disease. [288] [289] For deaths statistics, the ONS, along with its counterparts in Scotland and Northern Ireland, counts all deaths where Covid is on the death certificate. About 90% of these deaths are directly due to Covid, while it is a contributory factor in the remaining deaths. These figures differ from the daily figures the government used to publish every day throughout the pandemic. These figures included any deaths that have occurred within 28 days of a positive test. Although SARS-CoV-2 has a tropism for ACE2-expressing epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, people with severe COVID‑19 have symptoms of systemic hyperinflammation. Clinical laboratory findings of elevated IL‑2, IL‑7, IL‑6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM‑CSF), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP‑10), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1‑alpha (MIP‑1‑alpha), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF‑α) indicative of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) suggest an underlying immunopathology. [135]

COVID - Coronavirus Statistics - Worldometer

Covid-19". Oxford English Dictionary (Onlineed.). Oxford University Press. April 2020 . Retrieved 15 April 2020. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) Agyeman AA, Chin KL, Landersdorfer CB, Liew D, Ofori-Asenso R (August 2020). "Smell and Taste Dysfunction in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Mayo Clin. Proc. 95 (8): 1621–1631. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.030. PMC 7275152. PMID 32753137. Humans appear to be capable of spreading the virus to some other animals, [459] [460] a type of disease transmission referred to as zooanthroponosis. [461] [462] Clinical Questions about COVID-19: Questions and Answers". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 4 March 2021. Preventive measures to reduce the chances of infection include getting vaccinated, staying at home, wearing a mask in public, avoiding crowded places, keeping distance from others, ventilating indoor spaces, managing potential exposure durations, [186] washing hands with soap and water often and for at least twenty seconds, practising good respiratory hygiene, and avoiding touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands. [187] [188]The University of Oxford's CEBM has pointed to mounting evidence [171] [172] that "a good proportion of 'new' mild cases and people re-testing positives after quarantine or discharge from hospital are not infectious, but are simply clearing harmless virus particles which their immune system has efficiently dealt with" and have called for "an international effort to standardize and periodically calibrate testing" [173] In September 2020, the UK government issued "guidance for procedures to be implemented in laboratories to provide assurance of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA results during periods of low prevalence, when there is a reduction in the predictive value of positive test results". [174] Imaging A CT scan of a person with COVID-19 shows lesions (bright regions) in the lungs CT scan of rapid progression stage of COVID-19 Chest X-ray showing COVID‑19 pneumonia Coagulation: During pregnancy, there are higher levels of circulating coagulation factors, and the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be implicated. The thromboembolic events with associated mortality are a risk for pregnant women. [159] Miller SL, Nazaroff WW, Jimenez JL, Boerstra A, Buonanno G, Dancer SJ, etal. (March 2021). "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by inhalation of respiratory aerosol in the Skagit Valley Chorale superspreading event". Indoor Air. 31 (2): 314–323. doi: 10.1111/ina.12751. PMC 7537089. PMID 32979298.